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Processor package types:
8088, 8086 processors used 40 pin DIPs. 80286,80386, 80486, and some Pentium computers (60MHz, 66MHz) used PGA (Pin Grid Array).
Pentium chips (75 MHz and above) used SPGA (Staggered PGA). Pentium II CPUs use catridge type mounting method, called "slot-1".
CPUs and features:
Processor |
Socket type |
Register |
Data Bus |
Address Bus |
8088 |
DIP |
16 bit |
8 bit |
20 bit |
80286 |
LLC/PGA/PLCC |
16 bit |
16 bit |
24 bit |
80386SX |
PGA |
32 bit |
16 bit |
24 bit |
80386DX |
PGA |
32 bit |
32 bit |
32 bit |
80486SX |
PGA |
32 bit |
32 bit |
32 bit |
80486DX |
PGA/SQFP |
32 bit |
32 bit |
32 bit |
Pentium |
Socket 5 SPGA/ Socket 7 SPGA. |
64 bit |
64 bit |
32 bit |
Pentium Pro |
Socket 8 SPGA |
64 bit |
64 bit |
32 bit |
Pentium II |
SEC Slot 1 |
|||
Pentium III |
SECC-2 / PPGA or FC-PGA |
|||
Pentium IV |
socket 423/socket 478/ socket 775 |
64 bit |
64 bit |
36 bit* |
Pentium Dual Core |
Socket 775 (LGA775) |
64 bit |
64 bit |
64 bit* |
Pentium Quad Core |
Socket 775 (LGA775) |
64 bit |
64 bit |
64 bit* |
* 32-bit operating systems like Windows XP can support only 32 bits of addressing space, and hence only 4GB of memory can be used. By using 64-bit operating systems, 16 Exa bytes (EB) of RAM can be used. 36 bits of address space can access up to 64GB of memory.
CPU models 80486SX, and above contain on board cache memory.
Address Bus Size |
Maximum RAM |
32 bits |
4GB |
36 bits |
64GB |
40 bits |
1TB. |
44 bits |
16TB |
64 bits |
16 EB (Exa Bytes) |
Bits and Bytes:
1 KB = 1024 bytes 1 MB = (1024 X 1024) bytes = (1024X 1 KB) bytes = 1,048,576 bytes 1 GB = (1024 X 1024 X 1024 )bytes = (1024 X 1 MB) bytes = (1024 X 1024 X 1 KB) bytes = 1,073,741,824 bytes KB stands for Kilobyte MB stands for Megabyte GB stands for Gigabyte Byte is represented by "B" as in MB Bit is represented by "b" as in kbps One byte is 8 bits
The Slot 1 package replaces the Socket 7 and Socket 8 used by previous Pentium processors. Slot 1 is a 242-contact daughter card slot that accepts a microprocessor packaged as a Single Edge Contact (SEC) cartridge. A motherboard can have one or two Slot 1s. More recently, Slot 2 package has been developed and used by recent processors.
FAT file system: Under FAT file system, the maximum size of a cluster is 32 KB and the maximum number of clusters is 65536. Therefore, the maximum size of a partitions is the number of clusters multiplied by the max size of the cluster, which is equivalent to 2 GB. Remember that 1 KB = 1024 bytes.
New Technology File System (NTFS) is a file system that was introduced by Microsoft to provide superior features like encryption, compression, and user permissions. NTFS is the primary file system used in Microsoft's Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 2003, Windows Vista, and Windows 7 operating systems.
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