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Home >Comptia >A+ >StudyNotes-1 CompTIA Home | Practice Questions | Resources | Books | CertNotes CompTIA® A + CertificationA+ Certification, awarded by CompTIA® organization is the most widely recognized certification in the area of PC hardware and software technologies. To attain A+ certification, one need to pass 2 exams, namely A+ Essentials and one of A+ IT Technician, or A+ Remote Support Technician, or A+ Depot Technician exams. Given below is a quick review of notes for candidates preparing for A+ Essentials exam. ECP (Extended Capability Port) is a joint effort by Microsoft and HP. It has less control overhead and best suited for transferring large chunks of data, such as between the computer and laser printer. Ensure proper cable connection after replacing floppy disk drive. Some points
to remember when you replace a FDD, If you encrypt a folder on an NTFS volume, all files and subfolder created in
the encrypted folder are automatically encrypted. Therefore, it is recommended
that you use encryption at the parent folder level. Monitors accumulate very high static charges and need to be handled very carefully. Before attempting any repair, it is imperative to discharge any accumulated charges on the monitor. You can use a jumper, one end of which is grounded, and touch the other end of the jumper wire to the anode of the monitor. While doing so, ensure that you are not in direct contact with the jumper wire or the anode. You can use a screw driver or a nose pliers with rubber handle for this purpose. A "POP" sound can be heard when the static charges accumulated on the anode lead getting grounded through the jumper wire. Remember, that if you get in contact with the static charge, it may lead to severe burns or even fatal accident! Never wear a wrist strap when working on monitors. Monitors contain very high voltages, sometimes fatal to human, even when the power is turned off. If you are wearing wrist strap, the human body work as a conduit to discharge the electric charge. The following devices require periodic cleaning: User level security gives better control of resource on user to user basis. Share level security assigns passwords to the resources rather than the users and less secure. When signals are transmitted over a long distance, there will be ohmic losses, which result in loosing the strength of the signals. This is known as attenuation. Amplification is opposite of attenuation. While preparing for dual boot with Windows 2000 Professional, note the
following points: .COM, .EXE, .BAT files are executable files. +5 and +12 volts are the DC voltages commonly found on PCs 1 KB = 1024 bytes KB stands for Kilobyte Computer viruses: 1. A boot sector virus stays resident by infecting the boot sector of the
computer 10BaseT Ethernet complies with IEEE standard 802.3 and requires an RJ-45
connector to connect to the NIC. A 10BaseT cable can extend up to 100 meters without the use of a repeater 10Base2 network uses thin coaxial cable and need to be terminated with a 50 ohm termination at both the ends. 144-pin small outline DIMM (SO DIMM) is commonly used in notebook computers. 144-pin micro-DIMM is still smaller than the so-DIMM and used in sub-notebook computers. 72-pin SODIMM was used in older laptops. 256MB PCI Express is recommended for computers that use high-end video applications. 802.11b operates at 2.4 GHz, while 802.11a operates at 5 GHz. Typical data rate for 802.11b is 11 Mbps where as it is 54mbps for 802.11a. 802.11b is compatible with 802.11g. 802.11a is not compatible with 802.11b or 802.11g. Bluetooth is entirely a different protocol standard, and is not compatible with any of the 802.11 standards. A CD can be recovered from any minor scratches by using polishing chemicals. But it does not guarantee repair. Only way to safeguard is to make a back-up copy of the CD. A computer may reboot because the CPU is overheating. Ensure that you have sufficient ventilation for proper airflow, and that the CPU fan is working. A connection device that is plugged into a computer's serial/parallel port in order to perform a loopback test is known as a loopback adapter. A Flat blade screw driver has Minus slot A good fuse will show close to zero ohms ( typically less than 1 ohm). A bad fuse, will have open contact, and will show open. A hard disk should never be low level formatted at the customer premises. It
is highly recommended that it is done at the manufacturer's or at any authorized
center. A work station/PC very commonly connects to a LAN by means of an RJ-45 connector on a LAN card (Also known as NIC, or Network Interface Card). A hub is used as a concentration point for connecting together all the
segments in a 10BaseT network. Another network devices that is used extensively
for this purpose is a switch. A Network Interface Card is required to be present in the PC to communicate over a LAN. A switch or a Hub may be required or may not be required depending on the network configuration. For example, if you have 10Base2 (Thinnet) network, you may not need a Hub or a Switch. Router is required only when there is routing involved. A router for Internet sharing is normally configured using web browser. High-end routers may provide option for terminal connectivity, wherein you can connect a terminal, and issue commands for configuring the router. A Secure Digital (SD) card is a small memory card used to make storage portable among various devices, such as cellular phones, PDAs, digital cameras, music players, and personal computers. It uses flash memory to provide nonvolatile storage, which means that a power source is not required to retain stored data. A SIMM has a single row of 72 contact fingers, each making contact on both
sides. An older version of SIMM card contain 30pins, and were used in 386 and
486 machines. A. SCANDISK: ScanDisk is a utility program that was added to DOS Version 6.0.
SCANDISK is a better compared to CHKDSK. SCANDISK can fix errors on data storage
devices such as hard disks, floppy disks, RAM drives etc, and DoubleSpace
compressed drives. It analyzes and repairs damage to the following: Active link LED on a network card is an indication that the link is up. You will be able to ping the local host even without the network connectivity. Device Manager NIC status not necessarily ensures that the network cable is plugged properly in to the NIC. Active listening focuses on who you are listening to, in order to understand what he is saying. As the listener, you should then be able to repeat in your own words what they have said effectively. This does not mean you agree with, but rather understand, what they are saying. AMR slot: AMR stands for Audio Modem Riser. AMR is a riser card that supports
sound or modem function. With increasing CPU computational power, the digital
processing job can be implemented in main chipset and share CPU power. An IP address is considered private if the IP number falls within one of the IP address ranges reserved for private uses by Internet standards groups. These private IP address ranges exist: 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 Private IP addresses are typically used on local networks including home, school and business LANs including airports and hotels. An UPS is desired to be purchased for any critical and un-interrupted use of
computers. It has the following benefits: Note that the UPS can give un-interrupted power only for a fixed amount of time under a given load, in the absence of line voltage. Anti-virus software, and anti spy-ware software can be used to clear malicious programs from a computer. Also, note that you need to install up-to-date Service Packs, and patches. Anti-virus update files are traditionally called as “Definitions”. If a PC becomes slow, as a first step, you need to run Disk Cleanup and Disk Defragmenter. Additionally, you can consider adding a second hard drive or more memory. As the humidity decreases, static build up will increase and vice versa. A level of 50% is considered safe. Below 50% humidity, static build up will be more. Asynchronous serial communication uses Start-bit/Data-bits/Stop-bit. A modem
connecting to the Internet is a typical asynchronous device. Batteries contain environmentally hazardous chemicals and therefore, should not be disposed through dust bit. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions or the relevant State guidelines. The same is true when you are disposing chemical solvents. Automated System Recovery (ARS) requires that a system backup be taken using Windows XP Backup utility. AT motherboards were discontinued in the mid 1990s. The AT motherboard can be distinguished by the position of key board plug and power socket. Also, it has only a key board connector on board and doesn't support other ports for mouse or printer. Baby AT is a form of AT motherboard with reduced dimensions. AT motherboard is also called Full AT. ATX mother boards have serial and parallel ports to support printer, mouse and also USB support is provided. ATX has one rear plate that enables acess to all necessary ports. Also, ATX uses one P1 power connector instead of P8 and P9 connectors. The one shown in the exhibit is an ATX motherboard. ATX power supply provides three different voltages: 3.3Volts, 5Volts, and 12Volts.
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